Promotional Strategies For Promotional Activities - 983 Words

2.4 All-inclusive strategy that will make the event more interesting and memorable for all This section will focus on the promotional strategies. Promotional mix consists of six elements. They are as follows: Selected tools for promotional activities Promotional Mix Organizational Agenda Gift Item Advertisement (Newspaper, television, and radio etc.) Creating brand awareness among the huge target segments and other stakeholders. ï  ¶ Arranging show name â€Å"Rexpose† involving popular celebrity and providing Samsung phone as gift. ï  ¶ Providing free sample to the opinion leaders of the society. ï  ¶ Arranging lottery program with young segment of the society. ï  ¶ Providing free ticket for the popular show like â€Å"Premier League† in UK. Public Relation Creating Positive brand image through building strong public relation channel. Sponsorship Participating in popular show as a sponsor for improving the brand recognition and brand knowledge of the target segments and other stakeholders. Task 3: Be able to develop communication processes Communication refers to the combination of all activities which will facilitate the transmission of messages from sender to receiver. It includes several key decisions like selecting the appropriate messages to be sent, and selecting appropriate channel through which the messages will be sent (Feingold, 1987). To General Manager Samsung UK Sub: Developing robust communication channel that will establish a linkage between employer and communityShow MoreRelatedPromote Products And Services For International Markets1653 Words   |  7 PagesPromote products and services to international markets Assessment Task 2: Project – Plan promotional activities Part A: Plan and conduct promotional activities 5 key information sources that can assist you to plan promotional activities in the identified country. Information sources Summarization Culture: https://geert-hofstede.com/ This website demonstrate different cultural dimension by various countries. IT could compare one country to another. This dimension include Power Distance Index (PDI)Read MoreA Report On The International Markets And We Are Aiming The Marketplace Of Malaysia1323 Words   |  6 PagesMalaysia. The proposed and recommended promotional strategies will be applying Media announcement and Employee functions. Their total spending budgets will be $2300, wghich is far below the required budget level. I have designed each involved staff roles and responsibilities for these promotional strategies and make sure you have a clear clue of each activity’s starting date and ending date, as you will be accountable for each responsible promotional activity. Following this meeting I have arrangedRead MorePlan The Integration Of Promotional Strategy For A Business Or Product Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pages 11 LO- 4.3: Plan the integration of promotional techniques into the promotional strategy for a business or product. LO- 4.1: Follow an appropriate process for the formulation of a budget for an integrated promotional strategy. LO- 4.2: Carry out the development of a promotional plan for a business or product. LO- 4.4: Use appropriate techniques for measuring campaign effectiveness. The personalRead MoreNotes On Trade Practices Act1285 Words   |  6 Pages which is Bahasa Melayu, Bahasa Cina or English language for different ethnic group in Malaysia. Last but not least, the advertising techniques or activities apply to the target market should not be immoral or in an unethical way which may offend the competitors or customers †¢ Describe the overseas media that can be used for promotional activities. ï‚ § Email marketing: This method can be used to introduce Tropical North Queensland to our targeted market which is Malaysia without geographicallyRead MorePromoting Products And Services : International Market For Ttnq For The Exploration1217 Words   |  5 Pagesinternational markets Assessment Task 2: Project – Plan promotional activities I will consider the country Thailand as the targeted international market for TTNQ for the exploration. Part A: Plan and conduct promotional activities From: maha_7682@yahoo.com To: ling@barklycollege.com Subject: Planned promotional activities for TTNQ Hi Ling, I am sending you the report of promotional activities for TTNQ. The objectives of the designed strategies are to: - Help to improve the current business imagesRead MoreThe Secrets of Cross-Promotion: Article Analysis670 Words   |  3 Pagesexcellent points are made with regard to the planning, execution, evaluation and modification of cross-promotional campaigns and programs. The author defines how cross-promotional strategies can lead to greater synergistic effects on reaching a broader market while also driving greater levels of awareness, interest, desire and action on the part of prospects. There is also an example of a promotional program which went awry and led to the sponsoring company having to pay for entrants stamps and postageRead MoreBlue Orb Case1388 Words   |  6 PagesPro o Inability to convert free subscribers to paid subscribers o Whether to accept The FightWare Proposal as a part of marketing campaign o Whether to do in-house promotional SwitchBlade Pro gaming competition as a part of marketing campaign Situation analysis Blue Orb Inc. must develop a comprehensive marketing strategy in order to create awareness for their SwitchBlade Pro software to generate revenue. They are in this situation due to a low volume of paid subscribers. They need to convertRead MoreSports Marketing Mix1487 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations have to base their marketing strategies on four core marketing mix elements. These elements include product or service strategies, pricing strategies, promotion or communication strategies, and distribution or place strategies. The marketing mix enables a company to present its products or services to its most potential target market in the most effective fashion (Lancaster Withey, 2007). The product strategies include all those activities and actions of the company which are relatedRead MoreSleep Well Motel1261 Words   |  6 Pages Time Context April of 1980 View Point Mr. Will Shelton the interested buyer of Sleep Well Motel property. Statement of the Problem What marketing strategy suited for the Sleep Well Motel? Objective 1. To identify the advantage and disadvantage of Mr. Will Shelton owing a Motel 2. To identify what best marketing strategy suited for the motel. Area of Consideration In identifying the area of consideration of this case study, a SWOT Analysis is considered. The SWOT analysisRead MorePlace Promotion Strategy1264 Words   |  6 PagesAppropriate Place Promotion Strategy Developing a strategic marketing plan should include the appropriate place and promotional strategy to ensure that what goes on behind the scenes positively impacts the view the consumer has on the product for long-term sustainability. A keen awareness of the marketplace and customer need is essential to ensuring the appropriate amount of advertising is conducted to distribute product. Having a sound marketing strategy in place ensures that marketing objectives

Self Identity Influenced by Love - 1663 Words

Self Identity Influenced by Love After the study and discussion of a handful of the great literary works of the nineteenth century it is apparent that love is a powerful and recurring theme. Within many of these texts an idea of self identity influenced by love of another is presented through the characters and plot. Whether this concept is unintended or deliberately placed by the author, self discovery is an underlying message. In The Symposium, Plato presents various intellectual perspectives on the subject of love. The speech given by Aristophanes focuses on a search for wholeness culminating with the discovery of a soul mate. This idea is articulated by George Eliot in Silas Marner. Silas leads a lonely existence, cut off from the†¦show more content†¦Relationships come in various types, and while lovers can bring about self discovery, so can other influential individuals. Many times the influence of a single person can alter an existence forever. Aristophanes speech gives reason as to why humans search for a soul mate. This is accomplished through his tale of the separation of a single being into two halves, each destined to find the other. Discovery of this person brings about wholeness and self discovery. George Eliot in Silas Marner articulates and develops the idea set forth by Plato in The Symposium. A single person can completely alter the existence and outlook of another, simply by becoming a part of their life. Silas Marner is the story of the miraculous healing and redemption of Silas Marner, a weaver. Silas was a broken, closed, selfish, unhappy hermit, with an accumulation of money. In his isolation, he shared nothing. His sad, lonely life revolved around his work and the money he collected. When Silas is robbed of his precious gold, he removes himself from social interaction. His love for money had led him to a life of greed and sorrow. Silas had lost recollection of his past and was unable to connect with his society. His lack of trust and concern for others made his life a miserable one. The climax of the story is without a doubt the introduction of Eppie into Silass life. During a snowstorm one night, a woman and her child struggleShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Development Theory1642 Words   |  7 Pagesand organize existing observations and to try to explain and predict human behavior. It is important to recognize the complexity of human development and the theories that explain human development. (Berger, pg. 23). The three theories that have influenced by development are Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Humanism and Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory. 1. The first Human development theory is that of Jean Piaget’s, who believed that all human development and behaviorRead MoreEssay about The Bluest Eyes1180 Words   |  5 Pages A Search For A Self Finding a self-identity is often a sign of maturing and growing up. This becomes the main issue in Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eyes. Pecola Breedlove, Cholly Breedlove, and Pauline Breedlove are such characters that search for their identity through others that has influenced them and by the lifestyles that they have. First, Pecola Breedlove struggles to get accepted into society due to the beauty factor that the norm has. Cholly Breedlove, her father, is a drunk whoRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray971 Words   |  4 Pagesviolent acts he commits as long as he appears beautiful on the outside. Since external beauty is valued, Wilde argues that people tend to lose their individualism and conform to society’s expectations. With this in mind, Dorian gray grows more corrupt, self-centered as he focuses more on the pleasure for himself as he becomes more vulnerable to his own misgivings. He loses his individualism, because he is conforming to society’s form of asethics. I agree with Wilde’s arguement about Dorian Gray, thatRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1381 Words   |  6 PagesNick Carraway, is disparate from others due to the place he grew up which is exemplified when he moves to New York from the Midwest. Tom Buchanan satisfies his desire for love by having women in his life as well as his wife Daisy. Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan have been fond of each other since they met many years ago and their love for one another made Gatsby determined to create a new rich and extravagant lifestyle in order to completely win over Daisy. Nick Carraway’s personality is unique in NewRead MoreThe Group to Which We Belong to Provides Us with Our Identity1200 Words   |  5 Pagestime, other factors such as our peers, circle of friends and work colleagues also contribute to deciding our characters. Groups shape our identity significantly and the fact that we belong to a certain group sometimes defines who we are, altho ugh our own identity may need to be compromised in order for us to belong. Our sense of self is usually shaped and influenced by communities we are part of, however, our individuality is constantly altered and adjusted by the world beyond us as we come to interactRead MoreAmory Blaine : A True American Character1586 Words   |  7 Pagesclasses – one that was composed of successful people and the other that was composed of unsuccessful individuals. This proneness could be observed in Amory Blaine too, and that is one reason why he can be considered a typical American character. Being influenced by the ideology of the American Dream (a dream that was also shared by Fitzgerald but was never completely attained in reality), Amory Blaine tended to look at the world and the society as composed of individuals who either belong to the class ofRead MoreErikson s Psychosocial Theory Of Development Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesIn this Individual Theory Paper, I decided to write ab out Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development. Erik Erikson is greatly influenced by Freud but instead of concentrating on psychosexual stages, Erikson choose to focus more on the individual’s psychosocial stages as well as their personality development. Psychosocial theory can be defined as a study about human development as an outcome of the interaction in which involves the psychological or the needs of an individual, and the expectationsRead MoreDevelopmental Theories, Erikson And Freud Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesFreud. In addition, compare their similarities and their differences. Erikson was a psychologist who was greatly influenced by Freud. Although influenced by Freud there are some differences in there developmental stages. Erikson believed that development in an individual was molded by society, culture, and environment. While Freud’s belief was that development is in some way is influenced by the fixation of sexual interest of different areas of the body. The stages in Erikson’s development theory outlineRead MoreThe Family Bond Between Bone And Her Mother Dorothy Allison s Bastard Out Of Carolina939 Words   |  4 PagesIdentity is an essential part of the human personality; the first stages of identity development often form the core and foundation of who a person will become. While there are multitudes of contributing factors in the formation of identity, such as class, ethnicity, and social norms, familial influence is the most evidenced factor in Dorothy Allison s Bastard out of Carolina. The core identity of the main character and narrator of the book, Bone, is largely influenced through the slow breakingRead MoreJane Joyce s Eveline : Gender Differences1068 Words   |  5 Pagesequality of men in the social, political, and economic fields, primarily in the postcolonial times at which this book was written in. As Eveline’s life was greatly influenced by people of the male gender, her decision at the end of the short story suggests that she was significantly influenced by her religion, economic status, as well as her identity as a woman during this time period in Dublin, Ireland. During the postcolonial times the presence of the Roman Catholic Church dominated the Republic of Ireland

Sugar Cane Alley Free Essays

Alexandra Mitchell Dr. Lamont King GAFST 200 November 30, 2010 Sugar Cane Alley Jose understands at a young age that in order to escape the indentured life of working in a sugar cane plantation like his ancestors before him, he must do something different. In the classroom, Jose is a very bright student as seen through his peers and especially his professor who eventually helped Jose get into a prestigious school because of his academic excellence. We will write a custom essay sample on Sugar Cane Alley or any similar topic only for you Order Now He assures his grandmother who is his sole provider and family that one day she’ll no longer have to work tirelessly in the sugar cane plantation.Jose dreams of taking work in a more profitable and higher field then the plantation his community is chained to all being done by attaining a high education. Through the life of a plantation worker and the ones seen in Van Onselen’s article as a migration worker, slavery may have been abolished, but their freedom is severely limited. At the end of the film, the plantation workers were singing a song and one line of its lyrics clearly summed up what is needed to end the forced monetary economy many of the African Americans are trapped in, â€Å"Money and justice are what’s needed to end our suffering. In his article titled, â€Å"Social Control in the Compounds,† Van Onselen does a good job portraying the hard lives of the Chibaro people working in a nearby mine plantation. These workers paralleled the lives of the ones working in the sugar cane plantation where they were both trapped and limited in their freedom. They were oppressed under the proletarian labor economy that made it difficult to move up in the labor field and many were financially indentured to their plantation living day-by-day and paycheck-to-paycheck.This system made it extremely hard for the African Americans to move around and find better work somewhere else. There was almost total control over the labor and the whole idea of this widespread control was to lengthen its cycle. There were laws passed, credits to pay off, and the inflation of food prices making it a widely controlled monopoly. One law called for labor contracts detailing what was needed of the workers and many were paid by tokens or coupons that proved useless outside the plantation which in turn lengthened the workers time spent at one location.Many Chibaro workers as cited in his article couldn’t even pay off simple life necessities such as groceries, which forced them to have credit further lengthening their stay at each plantation. Many times the communities only had one grocery store, so for more control, the labor industry would inflate the prices making it nearly impossible for the people to be out of debt and even able to leave their workplace in search of more prominent work availabilities.For example, in the movie, a woman and her family couldn’t afford her groceries so she asked the clerk to put it on their tab which would need to be paid off making their stay permanent until they were free from debt. But this proved impossible to clear debt, because a worker’s paycheck given by the tightly controlled economy never amounted to what a family needed to get by. Mr. Mdeouze acts as a mentor and he opens Jose’s eyes to the corrupt society and how it in some ways mirrors the past.Although they are free from slavery, their freedom is limited by the labor-controlled economy making any further progress beyond the abolishment of slavery nearly impossible, â€Å"†¦we were free but our be llies were empty. † Mr. Mdeouze does although make one factor clear to Jose and that is the distinct value of education the power it has. The wise old man cited the life of a free African American man working on the sugar cane plantation perfectly when mentoring young Jose, â€Å"learning is second key that opens to our freedom. He is traditional in that he doesn’t believe that he’s a free man and reiterates that he won’t return to Africa until he’s dead and buried. Jose learns through Mr. Mdeouze that Africa has yet to return to it’s roots and white power is still perceived to be the dominant race in it’s every attempt to control all aspects of the African American life and still hold their power to utilize them for hard labor. Leopold is a young mulatto living amongst the plantation and is the son of the white landowner of the Sugar Cane plantation.When his father falls ills and is on his deathbed, he refuses to pass down his position to Leopold with the explana tion of it being a white man’s job and not one of a Mulatto. Leopold lived in his family’s nice home with his African mother then denying the African roots in him by his family’s societal stance. By not allowing Leopold to inherit the plantation as a legitimate landowner, this then denies also the white man roots in him.Therefore by being rejected by both sides of the race spectrum unsurprisingly lead to the demise of Leopold. He found himself hopeless in terms of his identity and in mounds of trouble as seen at the end of the movie. I believe Leopold’s fate was inevitable because he was rejected and out casted in his own community and no longer had an adequate place in society. The tightly controlled labor economy in the early twentieth century made African American’s freedom severely limited.There were all but few ways to escape this corruptly controlled monetary system, but one way was through attaining a higher education as learned by young Jose. He quickly discovered that education can provide him with more work opportunities and a better life all together. In summary, as seen through the movie and read in the article by Van Onselen, there still seemed to remain obvious elements of slavery in the lives of plantation and mine African American workers even after slavery had been long abolished. How to cite Sugar Cane Alley, Papers

Advance Accounting Theory

Question: Discuss the various approach to the accounting theories which was proposed by different authors. Answer: The summary summarizes various approach to the accounting theories which was proposed by different authors. Some authors were endeavored to integrate the economic theory with the accounting theory, so that the concepts of economics can be applied in the accounts as well. The authors have argued for the primacy of new approaches. They endeavored to adapt the economics model into the world of accountants. Authors such as Gilman seeks to rationalize diverse practices. The neo classical economic theory which ignores the historical costs has been incorporated with the accounting theory. Some of the writer who were mainly economists such as Canning and Alexander relied on true income theory which argued that the recording of data should be done at current values rather than following a system of historical record keeping and used the various economics terms in the accounting context. Other writer such as Paton, wanted to drew a clear cut distinction between realized and unrealized income. He said that estimated gross margin value cannot be reliable and it should not be recognized until the actual sales value is derived (Rutherford 2013). Canning applied the opportunity costs analysis theory of economics into accounts and proposed a method of assessing the asset value at current cost by indirect valuation. Another author such as MacNeal, Moonitz, Bell was of the view that the historical recording keeping of the assets should only be done when it is not possible to assess the acceptable market selling prices and viewed accounting as a succession of balance sheet rather than income statement. So , the common recommendation made by the authors was that the economic decision making should be done at current price information. Some other authors such as Hatfield and Gilman were of the opposite view and made recommendation on the inconsistencies in the financial statements. They considered current prices as irrelevant to the transactions and are not verifiable . this would lead to disturbance in the homogeneity of financial statements contents (Beattie 2014). Littleton has proposed an accounting Darwinism which views that accounting is continuing an evolution. On the other hand, Ijiri who is another theorist did reverse inductive analysis and defended historical costs on the ground of current costs. The measures which are unambiguous is viewed as the sine qua non of accountability. The attempts by these authors attempts to formulate the implicit accounting models for the purpose of global application and to make the alteration in the feasible area. In an inductive study , in order to develop the hierarchy of generalizations , principles and postulates can be adopted as framework. Reference : Beattie, V., 2014. Accounting narratives and the narrative turn in accounting research: Issues, theory, methodology, methods and a research framework.The British Accounting Review,46(2), pp.111-134. Rutherford, B.A., 2013. A pragmatist defence of classical financial accounting research.Abacus,49(2), pp.197-218.

About Me Essays - Big Five Personality Traits, Free Essays

About Me Essays - Big Five Personality Traits, Free Essays About Me There are many different places in the world that have their own features. Besides that, different people also have different personalities. People like places that make them feel comfortable and relaxed, and that place can express the personality of that person effectively. I chose the airport as the best place to define who I truly am as a person and how I relate to others. It best describes my personality because I am a very complex individual. When you are in the airport, you would get mixed feelings about every aspect that's happening around the area. I feel like it best sums up the mixed emotions that I usually feel every single day. In my opinion, the broad spaces and various people from all around the world in the airport are bright symbols of my outgoing, curious, friendly and organized personality. The airport is a wide area of opportunities. It opens its door to people coming from any place in the world. They come from all sorts of entrances. Those that arrive to come home, those that are in for business trips, and those who are just enjoying the free time of spending some vacation time in the place. I can relate the different gates of entrance in the airport with my very adaptive attitude; because of this attitude, I have met certain people from different walks of life. I am not shy or afraid to talk with them; instead, I am an outgoing person and feel happy to communicate with them. As an International Student, this relates very closely to me. Every person I meet, no matter how different they are culturally, I am comfortable with in every single day. I know how to relate to people like me who are not locals in community, those who are staying here for the benefit of a good school. It best shines on my complex personality wherein I can accommodate people even when they are no t locals. Because I am an outgoing person and meet many people in my life, I am very curious about them and their lives. Other times, when I go out or talk with people in my circle, I also get to know people who are just traveling by, enjoying what this place can bring to them. Although they are different in their own ways, I would tend to get too curious and be sucked up to what these people could tell. You would get an impression that I am a curious person. I want to learn about other aspects in people's life. I hunger for more information and more things to learn about. Furthermore, like the airport, it never run out of portals to get sources of information as different people come to pass by here. I learn more and more each day and do not get tired of absorbing every bit of information about different types of people. Not only do these people vary from each other in different ways, they bring me interesting tales and let me realize some important things that help me overcome the challenges of day-to-day life from these tales. That's another side of me that I tremendously acknowledge: I love to learn how to plan. With this personality, the stories that people share to me contribute to my being complex and to my being absorptive of my own developmental personality. Like the airport as well, the place being open and welcoming also talks about another personality of mine: I am a very friendly person. The airport accepts people all around the world. I have this similarity with the airport. I love to meet new people. I do not choose who to associate with or to be reluctant to people who feel that they are outsiders; I am an open book ready to accept friendship from any person willing to come by and add to the pages of my life. This personality has helped me gain not only good connections in society, but it also made me even more flexible on how to socialize with people. This personality keeps me from being a part of the modern and classical world. This personality has absolutely opened several doors for me as well. Once you open

The Flag of the United States of Mexico

The Flag of the United States of Mexico There have been a few looks for the flag of Mexico since its independence from Spanish rule in 1821, but its overall look has remained the same: green, white and red and a coat of arms in the center that is a nod to the Aztec Empires capital of Tenochtitlan, formerly based in Mexico City in 1325. The flag colors are the same colors of the national liberation army in Mexico. Visual Description The Mexican flag is a rectangle with three vertical stripes: green, white and red from left to right. The stripes are of equal width. In the center of the flag is a design of an eagle, perched on a cactus, eating a snake. The cactus in on an island in a lake, and beneath is a garland of green leaves and a red, white and green ribbon. Without the coat of arms, the Mexican flag looks like the Italian flag, with the same colors in the same order, although the Mexican flag is longer and the colors are a darker shade. History of the Flag The national liberation army, known as the Army of the Three Guarantees, officially formed after the struggle for independence. Their flag was white, green and red with three yellow stars. The first flag of the new Mexican republic was modified from the armys flag. The first Mexican flag is very similar to the one used today, but the eagle is not shown with a snake, instead, it is wearing a crown. In 1823, the design was modified to include the snake, although the eagle was in a different pose, facing the other direction. It underwent minor changes in 1916 and 1934 before the current version was officially adopted in 1968. Flag of the Second Empire Since independence, only on one occasion has the Mexican flag undergone a drastic revision. In 1864, for three years, Mexico was ruled by Maximilian of Austria, a European nobleman imposed as the emperor of Mexico by France. He redesigned the flag. The colors stayed the same, but golden royal eagles were put in each corner, and the coat of arms was framed by two golden griffins and included the phrase Equidad en la Justicia, meaning   Equity in Justice.† When Maximilian was deposed and killed in 1867, the old flag was restored. Symbolism of the Colors When the flag was first adopted, the green symbolically stood for independence from Spain, the white for Catholicism and the red for unity. During the secular presidency of Benito Juarez, the meanings were changed to mean green for hope, white for unity and red for the spilled blood of fallen national heroes. These meanings are known by tradition, nowhere in Mexican law or in the documentation does it clearly state the official symbolism of the colors. Symbolism of the Coat of Arms The eagle, snake, and cactus refer back to an old Aztec legend. The Aztecs were a nomadic tribe in northern Mexico who followed a prophecy that they should make their home where they saw an eagle perched on a cactus while eating a snake. They wandered until they came to a lake, formerly Lake Texcoco, in central Mexico, where they saw the eagle and founded what would become the mighty city of Tenochtitln, now Mexico City. After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, Lake Texcoco was drained by the Spanish in an effort to control continuous lake flooding. Flag Protocol February 24 is Flag Day in Mexico, celebrating the day in 1821 when different rebel armies joined together to secure independence from Spain. When the national anthem is played, Mexicans must salute the flag by holding their right hand, palm down, over their heart. Like other national flags, it may be flown at half-staff in official mourning upon the death of someone important. Importance of the Flag Like people from other nations, Mexicans are very proud of their flag and like to show it off. Many private individuals or companies will fly them proudly. In 1999, President Ernesto Zedillo commissioned giant flags for several important historical sites. These banderas monumentales or â€Å"monumental banners† can be seen for miles and were so popular that several state and local governments made their own. In 2007, Paulina Rubio, famous Mexican singer, actress, TV hostess, and model, appeared in a magazine photo shoot wearing only a Mexican flag. It created quite the controversy, although she later said that she meant no offense and apologized if her actions were viewed as a sign of disrespect of the flag.

Should there be any liability for Omission in criminal Law and if so, Dissertation

Should there be any liability for Omission in criminal Law and if so, how much it should be extended and Why Penalties for Omiss - Dissertation Example In some jurisdictions, the penalty involves depriving the person of his life. Because the punitive nature of criminal laws invades upon a persons’ rights, the nature of the offences must be such that a harm had been inflicted upon another by the deeds of the accused, which he had clearly intended, in order to justify the harshness of the punishment. These two elements – the offensive act and the malicious intention to inflict harm – must therefore be evident. However, where the offence done had been an omission to perform a deed, then the moral question arises as to whether the absence of an act would justify the imposition of punishment. This is the crux of the debate on criminal liability attached to omissions. This study explores the nature of omissions and the reason why certain types of omissions, and not others, would be worthy of sanction. Since omissions are construed as failure to perform a duty, the types and sources of duties are also examined to gain insight into the type of harm inflicted by the omission. The study delved into the philosophical arguments and set of attributes upon which to base an assessment of whether criminal liability should be attached to omissions. ... SIONS IN CRIMINAL LAW 12 2.1 Elements of a crime 12 2.2 Definition of ‘omission’ 12 2.3 Distinguishing acts from omissions 13 2.4 Omissions as a source of liability 14 Chapter 3: SOURCES OF DUTY AS BASIS OF OMISSIONS 18 3.1 Liability for omissions under the common law 18 3.2 Statutes that impose a duty to act 19 3.3 Failure to prevent or report criminal conduct 19 3.4 Duty arising from special relationships 20 3.5 Duty to avert a danger that was created by defendant 27 3.5 Failure to provide medical treatment 28 Chapter 4: TYPES OF SOURCES OF DUTIES 33 4.1 First type: voluntary assumption of duty 33 4.2 Second type: voluntary performance of an act that incurs a duty 34 4.3 Third type: justification without voluntariness 35 Chapter 5: SPECIAL ISSUES IN OMISSIONS 38 5.1 Corporate manslaughter by omission: omissions by police officers 38 5.2 Liability for omissions in international criminal law 43 Chapter 6: ANALYSIS 45 6.1 The central debate on attaching liabilities to omi ssions 45 6.2 The Act-Omission Paradox 48 6.3 Summary 50 Chapter 7: CONCLUSION 53 Bibliography 56 Table of Cases Airedale National Health Service Trust v Bland [1993] AC 789, All ER 821 Director of Publi Prosecutions v Santa-Bermudez, EWHC 2908 [2003] (Admin). Fagan v Metropolitan Police Commissioner [1969] 1 QB 439, [1968] 3 All ER 442, [ 1968] 3 WLR 1120, DC Lennard’s Carrying Co., Ltd. v Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ltd. [1915] AC 705. R v Adomako, [1994] HL R v Chattaway [1922] 17 Cr App R 7 R v Gibbins & Proctor, [1918] 13 Cr App R 134. R v Instan, [1893] 1QB 450 R v Khan, [1998] Crim LR 830 R v Lowe, [1973] QB 702 R v Stone & Dobinson, [1987] QB 354. R v Miller [1983] ] UKHL 6, 2 AC 161 R v Senior [1899] 1 QB 283 R v Yuthiwattana (1984) 80 Cr App R 55 Re B (A Minor) (Wardship: Medical Treatment)